Merce Cunningham, the acclaimed avant-garde dancer and choreographer, died week at the age of 90. The Washington Post had the best obituary, by Sarah Kaufman, although she felt compelled to add to her thoughtful essay the odd reporter’s note that “no cause of death was reported.” Sarah, please, he was 90. For anyone who makes it that long, and was as vibrant until the end as he apparently was, we should be wondering not about the cause of death, but rather what allowed so long an active life. In Cunningham’s case, the question answers itself. He was physically active, intellectually curious, constantly engaged in creative pursuits. And someone who loved and was loved. All that, a good ticker, and dodging the cancer bullet is what gets you to 90 in one piece.
It is said that dancers in Cunningham’s company were among the very best, the most highly trained and accomplished, because that is what his extraordinary dances required. One of those dancers, for eight years, was Vicki Findlayson, whom I met at Swarthmore when she seeing my roommate Bob Cooney. (Seeing, dating, going out with. Whatever. She was Bob’s girlfriend.) Cunningham’s company was in Chicago once when I was in law school there. Vicki got me a ticket to the performance and brought me afterward to dinner with several of the dancers, Cunningham, and Cunningham’s artistic collaborator, and romantic partner, the composer John Cage. I had no idea – except that Vicki told me – that these were living legends, giants of the artistic world.
I knew nothing about modern dance, or that Cunningham himself was a renowned dancer before he became a choreographer of seemingly bizarre modern dances, infused with elements of classical ballet, and set against, or merely and purposefully just performed in the same time and place as Cage’s odd music. Although I watched the dancing with an untrained eye, it was obvious even to me that what Cunningham’s troupe was doing was extremely difficult technically, especially as it was combined – but not really – with the music, which made no sense either in its own right or in relation to the dance. That night it consisted largely of water being poured back and forth, into and out of conch shells held close to microphones, and it had nothing to do with the dance, except that it was being performed then and there. Vicky explained to me that even the dancers did not know exactly what the music would be until they heard it while they were performing, and that the dance did not change because of the music. Nothing was improvised. How hard it must have been for the dancers to perform their intricate sequences perfectly each night with, in some sense, entirely new and unforeseeably music, and, in another sense, without any music at all.
It seemed to me at the time, although I didn’t say this to Vicky, that Cunningham’s use of Cage’s music could only be explained by the fact that his lover needed a job. But I suppose there was more to it than that. As Kaufman explains in her essay, “Mr. Cunningham's works changed what a performance could be, questioning nearly every aspect. Typically, his dances had no central focus -- groups or soloists might perform simultaneously in various spots around the stage, facing the wings or the backdrop as often as the audience. There was frequently neither structure nor climax, but rather, a mix of impulses and dynamics, much as a Jackson Pollock canvas captured dripped paint rather than ordered brushstrokes.”
It comes as no surprise to learn that Pollock was among the avant-garde artists from various fields who were Cunningham’s friends, collaborators and sources of inspiration. What is a surprise to learn is that Cunningham saw no particular meaning in his work. I would have thought that one who breaks so dramatically and completely from convention must intend to make some statement in doing so. But apparently Merce Cunningham did not. As Kaufman says, Cunningham “rejected the idea of dance ‘representing’ or imitating anything in life; his dances had no meaning beyond themselves. ‘What is seen is what is,’ he said.”
This makes me feel a bit better about my reaction to the performance I saw that evening in Chicago, some twenty-odd years ago. I wondered what were all the meanings in the dance, and in its juxtaposition to the music, that I didn’t grasp. It turns out there weren’t any. It had no meaning beyond itself. Still, I wish I remembered more of it, and of the dinner with Cunningham and Cage.